waffle

The Free Exchange of Ideas

The idea of “intellectual property” is intellectually bankrupt.

You don’t need me to tell you everything that’s wrong with the patent system. I am reliably assured that there’s been written long, best-selling books about it, of which I have read none, and weblog posts, of which I have read several. We all know that the idea stems from ownership, possession and a manic fear of pilfering which validity has been continuously declining, and which stopped overweighing the downsides a long time ago. The idea of patents is to benefit the commons and protect the small inventor; none are the case anymore. So I think I’ll write about something else.

When Apple’s not off suing companies for daring to adopt ideas that have been discovered, they’d like to control much of the environment that their hardware creates in which their software runs. The PC has been an enormous success, but not many have emulated that particular part of the equation. Apple don’t just retain control because they like being in control; they do it because it affords them the ability to be responsible for how everything is integrated. I think it’s fair to attribute some of their success and reputation for a good experience to this.

But it’s not all about that. When the original Macintosh launched, you could write programs that did everything. You may complain that the only reason programs could traipse through low memory was because the Mac was streamlined to the point of being underly insulated, and the spell of a fundamental memory protection problem that would follow it for 17 years would be a good argument. The case remains that when Andy Hertzfeld, legendary software engineer then no longer with Apple sat down to write Switcher, the first application to bring multi-tasking to the Mac, he was using the same SDK as everyone else (Toolbox).

Of course, Switcher was also implemented through very careful consideration, swapping a painstakingly detailed set of bytes in and out of their special memory segment. Steve Jobs went so far as to say that Andy would not have been able to build Switcher without having been with the team as they designed Toolbox and System (the original Mac OS). Apple bought Switcher and turned it into MultiFinder, which would eventually bring multitasking using the same principle but now regarded more officially.

This would never happen today. The iPhone is a far more closed platform. It provides a far better user experience in the areas where anything at all is offered, but the holes that would need to be opened for it to become an open platform are small. They can be opened without affecting the usability of the device, without infecting the device with viruses, without infecting the “user” with dangerous analogies to concurrent, crooked computer usability flaws and concepts, and without forcing Apple to peddle porn, seemingly explicit toddler-era humor and applications with network television programming-strength political commentary.

The interesting thing is that love finds a way. There are millions of jailbroken iPhones that already multi-task, sniff for Wi-Fi hotspots or tether without the consent of a grumpy carrier (let’s not go there). Apple has nothing to gain from pissing off its own customers. It seems to fit that they’re doing it out of spite. We know that Steve’s assertion from before isn’t true: Andy would simply have had to work more studiously to figure out the mechanism. There are jailbreak applications doing amazing things with no official backing API whatsoever on the iPhone.

This post isn’t about Apple. It’s about ideas and control. You can’t. You can’t control ideas. Rather importantly, the spread of ideas, and the ability to facilitate it, is probably the best tool in humanity’s chest right next to opposable thumbs, abstract thinking and awareness of the future. For every insipid patent that Apple have, have ever attempted or could ever file, there are ten ingenious ideas that have been thought before and made every single one of their previous creations possible and dramatically more powerful.

For any company to continue this farce of “intellectual property” is ridiculous. For Apple that’s been so creative with it is abhorrent. I know they’re not stupid. I know they’re not greedy. I’m hoping they’ll eventually turn around, to the benefit of their customers and themselves. Rather, I know there will eventually be devices that are as good as any Apple device but respects the emergent laws of the universe and human behavior. When that choice exists, I’ll know which one to pick.

Comments [+]

  1. hu, yeah, you wait from 3 years now ?

    and in what apple is now “abhorrent” ?

    I don’t care at all. I don’t see in what it’s an advantage if any company can stomp on others companies’ products, emulate them, copy them, and them you loose the benefit of innovation, great platform, investment in long term.

    I do not want apple fail and not be able to sustain cocoa and the iphone/ipad ui. It was what it happened with mac in 90s and it was purely horrible

    “pc” was not simply a successful product, it was the fail of IBM, the rise of Compaq, the destruction of a whole computer ecosystem for just the common cheap on, the beige one, the ugly one.

    By oomu · 2010.03.13 18:34

  2. Let me ask a question in return: How does Apple opening up one of their platforms make them unable to sustain themselves? If that’s not the question, you may be referring to the other half of the equation.

    Apple’s net result from licensing and patenting and everything to do with “intellectual property” is something only they will know, but it’s not big enough to make a sizable dent in their revenue. The need for legal action in return eats up most of the possible profits, and even so, it’s easy to see the hard numbers. Apple makes billions of dollars every quarter by selling devices, not by collecting licensing fees.

    If Apple can’t stay afloat because they aren’t guaranteed to be the only one utilizing some ideas, they deserve to fail. They don’t even have this guarantee today, regardless of what they’d like. And the reason they did nearly fail in the 90’s was because of greed, followed by stagnation, while offering a confusing lineup of products that customers weren’t interested in. (I don’t mean to berate those that were Mac users then, but people demonstrably didn’t buy Macs. On the odd chance that you actually thought I wanted them to start licensing Mac OS, I’m not asking for that, even if I think that today’s Apple would stand a much better chance of making that work and would be far from bled dry in even the nightmare scenarios.)

    Apple can be as successful as it is today if every “intellectual property” law on earth were to evaporate tomorrow. It wouldn’t be a very good company if it couldn’t.

    By Jesper · 2010.03.13 18:50

  3. Agreed – I think Apple’s failure against Microsoft in the 80s was nothing to do with them failing to licence their OS (like Microsoft) or to do with Microsoft ripping off their IP.

    The problem was that they threw away an early technical lead – for a multitude of reasons. There was a good decade before Microsoft truly caught up, but I recall back in the day that anyone interested in ‘the future’ was looking at Sun’s NeWS, NeXT, and BeOS – there wasn’t much interesting coming out of Apple at the time.

    With software, having the idea is cheap – the iPhone wasn’t the first touch-based phone, and the concepts have been mocked up for some time. The cost comes from implementation & testing.

    The iPad is what a lot of people predicted, right down to the fact that Apple wouldn’t simply use the iPhone apps or desktop ones, but would creates things that suited the form. Given that lots of people out there correctly predicted the iPad, but no one produced one, doesn’t that show how little the ‘idea’ counts.

    On the other hand, while I disagree with patents, and with Apple’s exclusive control of the Application marketplace, I’m not against all IP – even the GPL relies on IP law to keep things enforceably open, and I think copyright/authorial moral rights are a valid approach.

    By JulesLt · 2010.03.13 19:35

  4. The GNU GPL uses today’s system to its advantage. It doesn’t mean (and I know you didn’t make that case) that in a universe of possibilities, something greater couldn’t be thought up and established in its stead.

    By Jesper · 2010.03.13 19:52

  5. A better system for funding intellectual ‘labour’ would be a start. Most of the suggested ‘new business models’ shy away from that (i.e. the act of creation needs to be funded by selling services, or branded goods – or anything that is secondary to the act of spending time creating software or art).

    By JulesLt · 2010.03.14 14:12

  6. well in principal i agree with what youre saying about intellectual property and how we patent, in this country, protecting and rewarding inventors (not just the small ones either) is imperfect and may, in fact, be broken to some degree — or at least could be improved. but i’m not sure exactly what i’d change either and have some anxiety that changing the rules could break it more. or perhaps make it more difficult to abide by simply because it becomes inconsistent.

    on the other hand though, i believe ideas arent necessary worth anything. really. even good ideas. they have to be implented somehow to define and demonstrate their worth.

    and so i’m a big believer in allowing people (and companies) to take a good idea and turn it into an implementation, an invention (ie using just fingers to interact with your device is a good idea, but touch screens and some gestures, to enable this good idea have to be designed and produced a process which isnt free).

    so invent something, even something small, and apply for a patent, and get it approved, and then the inventor obtains both the protection and the reward for their inventiveness. other companies can work out licensing deals with the inventor so it isnt as if nobody else can use those inventions; and those patents also expire. the protection and the reward expire, so the community does, in the end, get their reward after a number of years. in fact the expiration could be the best part about patents.

    but i dont believe a company should be forced by any law to keep their “platform open”. i think how open a business platform is, is a largely an individual economic decision. and i also think Apple’s platform, from a technical standpoint, is more open than most. its built on open source technologies (BSD and Darwin) and they are still a huge contributor back to the communities of open source technologies theyve employed (search for open source and apple to find hundreds of examples). this isnt all that unique anymore, IBM does it and, lately, Microsoft is even recognizing that community value. but in my estimation, Apple was one of the first of “big corporate” to recognize and leverage the value of open source software and rewarding the community surrounding it which, in the cases i’m familiar with, require that your improvements be plowed back into the community you borrowed from (with notable exception being BSD, different license worked out by Univ of CA Berkeley and AT&T).

    but leveling criticism at Apple for closing its business model, i think, is a too harsh. they wrote iTunes, they built their little App Store, they test software they make available to all users of its devices, and they share the profits 70/30 — the majority going back to the developer of the App (assuming the developer wants any App store monies at all). so any talk about Apple being draconian in their business model strikes a dissonant chord for me.

    and hey, they have a good web browser built into the device, and email too, so it isnt as if theyre really controlling the information youre allowed to consume as a device owner. those who cant get their widget approved to be displayed in Apple’s supermarket are free to start up a website, just like we did before so called smart phones even existed.

    By Fisher · 2010.03.18 19:25

  7. It’s up to Apple as a company to do what they wish. They can do anything they’re allowed to legally. However, that doesn’t mean I can’t have opinions about what those things are.

    One of those things pertains to your last paragraph. Safari may be the best mobile web browser, but web apps can’t do everything native apps can. Not only do you have to get the membership to gain access to the cryptographic okay necessary to deploy anything to the iPhone — this is in my opinion a dick move, but within their rights — you’re also prevented by the licensing agreement of that membership from finding or using any alternative venues for distribution, even those that you are afforded by law, and from disclosing those terms. With those additions, we’re entering abusive monopoly country.

    As Tim Bray said recently, Apple is still tending the Mac platform very well. Code signing on Mac OS X is opt-in and useful. Anyone can write any app for any purpose, without the need for approval, and that app can go to the lengths you consider acceptable without penalties. Apple is capable of creating and maintaining a world-class open platform, which is why I stay with them and which is why I hold them to high standards in the first place.

    And as for the patent system, your description mirrors the original intent and what I wish the patent system was if it were to continue existing. But time and experience shows us that it’s not how it works in practice. It’s become an arms race and a bludgeon, and the little guy needs enormous resources for bootstrapping or even being able to salary his lawyer during a process to defend his patent. (Stalling isn’t rocket science to these guys either.)

    By Jesper · 2010.03.18 20:55

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